loading...| Preferred Name |
Birth Defects |
| Definitions |
<h3>What are birth defects?</h3> <p>A birth defect is a problem that happens while a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">baby is developing</a> in the mother's body. Most birth defects happen during the first 3 months of pregnancy. One out of every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect.</p> <p>A birth defect may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Some birth defects like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html">cleft lip</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defects</a> are structural problems that can be easy to see. Others, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, are found using special tests. Birth defects can range from mild to severe. How a birth defect affects a child's life depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how severe the defect is.</p> <h3>What causes birth defects?</h3> <p>For some birth defects, researchers know the cause. But for many birth defects, the exact cause is unknown. Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> One or more genes might have a change or mutation that prevents them from working properly. For example, this happens in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html">Fragile X syndrome</a>. With some defects, a gene or part of the gene might be missing.</li> <li><strong>Chromosomal problems.</strong> In some cases, a chromosome or part of a chromosome might be missing. This is what happens in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html">Turner syndrome</a>. In other cases, such as with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>, the child has an extra chromosome. </li> <li><strong>Exposures to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicines</a>, chemicals, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html">other toxic substances</a>.</strong> For example, alcohol misuse can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">fetal alcohol spectrum disorders</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections during pregnancy</a>.</strong> For example, infection with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html">Zika virus</a> during pregnancy can cause a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html">defect in the brain</a>.</li> <li><strong>Lack of certain nutrients.</strong> Not getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> before and during pregnancy is a key factor in causing neural tube defects.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?</h3> <p>Certain factors may might increase the chances of having a baby with a birth defect, such as:</p><ul> <li>Smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking certain "street" drugs <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyanddruguse.html">during pregnancy</a></li> <li>Having certain medical conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> or uncontrolled <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, before and during pregnancy</li> <li>Taking certain medicines</li> <li>Having someone in your family with a birth defect. To learn more about your risk of having a baby with a birth defect, you can talk with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html">genetic counselor</a>,</li> <li>Being an older mother, typically over the age of 34 years</li> </ul> <h3>How are birth defects diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers can diagnose some birth defects during pregnancy, using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal testing</a>. That's why it important to get regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a>.</p> <p>Other birth defects may not be found until after the baby is born. Providers may find them through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">newborn screening</a>. Some defects, such as club foot, are obvious right away. Other times, the health care provider may not discover a defect until later in life, when the child has symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for birth defects?</h3> <p>Children with birth defects often need special care and treatments. Because the symptoms and problems caused by birth defects vary, the treatments also vary. Possible treatments may include surgery, medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">assistive devices</a>, physical therapy, and speech therapy.</p> <p>Often, children with birth defects need a variety of services and may need to see several specialists. The primary health care provider can coordinate the special care that the child needs.</p> <h3>Can birth defects be prevented?</h3> <p>Not all birth defects can be prevented. But there are things you can do before and during pregnancy to increase your chance of having a healthy baby:</p><ul> <li>Start prenatal care as soon as you think you might be pregnant, and see your health care provider regularly during pregnancy</li> <li>Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. If possible, you should start taking it at least one month before you get pregnant.</li> <li>Don't drink alcohol, smoke, or use "street" drugs</li> <li>Talk to your health care provider about any medicines you are taking or thinking about taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, as well as dietary or herbal supplements.</li> <li>Learn how to prevent infections during pregnancy</li> <li>If you have any medical conditions, try to get them under control before you get pregnant</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> |
| ID |
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0220810 |
| cui |
C0220810 |
| Date created |
01/10/2000 |
| definition |
What are birth defects?A birth defect is a problem that happens while a baby is developing in the mother's body. Most birth defects happen during the first 3 months of pregnancy. One out of every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect. A birth defect may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Some birth defects like cleft lip or neural tube defects are structural problems that can be easy to see. Others, like heart disease, are found using special tests. Birth defects can range from mild to severe. How a birth defect affects a child's life depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how severe the defect is. What causes birth defects?For some birth defects, researchers know the cause. But for many birth defects, the exact cause is unknown. Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:
Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?Certain factors may might increase the chances of having a baby with a birth defect, such as:
How are birth defects diagnosed?Health care providers can diagnose some birth defects during pregnancy, using prenatal testing. That's why it important to get regular prenatal care. Other birth defects may not be found until after the baby is born. Providers may find them through newborn screening. Some defects, such as club foot, are obvious right away. Other times, the health care provider may not discover a defect until later in life, when the child has symptoms. What are the treatments for birth defects?Children with birth defects often need special care and treatments. Because the symptoms and problems caused by birth defects vary, the treatments also vary. Possible treatments may include surgery, medicines, assistive devices, physical therapy, and speech therapy. Often, children with birth defects need a variety of services and may need to see several specialists. The primary health care provider can coordinate the special care that the child needs. Can birth defects be prevented?Not all birth defects can be prevented. But there are things you can do before and during pregnancy to increase your chance of having a healthy baby:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Inverse of RQ | |
| Mapped to | |
| MP OTHER LANGUAGE URL | |
| MP PRIMARY INSTITUTE URL |
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx |
| notation |
C0220810 |
| prefLabel |
Birth Defects |
| Related to |
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0158646 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0019247 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2963184 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0679560 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0018798 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456542 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0266449 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C3534589 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0003803 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C2963194 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0017382 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C0376634 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C1456692 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDLINEPLUS/C3503749 |
| Scope Statement |
A birth defect is a problem that happens while a baby is developing in the mother's body. Learn about the different types of birth defects, their treatments, and how some kinds can be prevented.https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html |
| tui |
T019 |
| subClassOf |